Literature Review on Types of Discipline Essay

2.1.1 Vandalism fit in to article What is vandalism, create verb anyy by Dye1, she defined vandalism as a aversion that chiefly involves the destruction, disfigurement of public or private property. A person does non induce to destroy a property to be charged with vandalism. This crime rump include acts that simply demise a piece of property. For example, a person whitethorn rip the seats of a rail stack. The bus is still operable, but its value and its ability to be used are greatly reduced. Kraus (1979) said that vandalism consequences are often simply cause trouble and anger.One aspect of school vandalism is often report in research studies from the United States as the research from Rubel (1977) states that the connection of vandalism with separate character references of school crimes such as petty theft in the school and personal violence against staff and students. According to Cohen (1973) the public rules this type of behavior as threatening. Even though vandali sm is directed at public property, the public still feared being victims of uncontrolled juveniles that roaming the street.2.1.2 AbsenteeismThen, Heathfield2 defined scattyeeism as the chronic absent from work or study. Absenteeism usually addressed by progressively stricter disciplinary measures that can result in the termination of the mortals employment. This is generally governed by the institution attendance policy. Rayner & Riding (1996) cited Schostak (1980) in the United Kingdom that found at least 800,000 students absent from school for unexcused reasons. Webb (1993) suggest that approximately half a million students were absent each day. Students who have absenteeism problems generally suffer academically and socially. According to bread consecrater and Jansen (2000), studies indicate that students who are absent have lower achievement and may be penalized on test scores. Sustained absences may lead to memory and truancy._______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 1 http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vandalism.htm2 http//humanresources.about.com/od/attendancepolicy/g/absenteeism.htm2.1.3 TruancyWisconsin (2000) defined candid truancy as any absence of dissipate or all of a school day for which a pupils parent or guardian has not provided a valid excuse. According to Cavallari3, he states that many institutions throughout the world have difficulty enforcing obligatory attendance for a variety of reasons. Some students find it more worthy to enter the world of career and earn money for their families, while others fence with coursework and choose simply not to attend clan while others have difficulty getting to school because they live in rural areas.The reasons why students do not attend school are complex and patently endless, making mandatory attendance difficult to enforce. Some schools base part of a students grade on attendance, while others make an attendance perc entage a requirement for graduation. A student must attend classes a certain percentage of the school year in order to advance to the next grade as the student can be held back in the same grade if he or she fails to meet compulsory attendance requirements, which some critics claim can deter students from attending school at all. However, some advocates claim it encourages students to attend class because it means they can progress to the next grade level with their peers.2.1.4 gageHenderson4 and her colleagues found that in their research about smoking habits and wider social environs in school, on average, 25% of males and 39% of females aged 15-16, reported that they each regularly or occasionally smoked. The age group of 14 to 18 years is most likely to attract towards the smoking habit and sustain an addict for the rest of his or her life as this age represents the process of maturity where teens make choices for their life style and plan where they want to see themselve s in the future.The teens are more conscious about their personality, styles and making up their habit model as their inspiration in life. On the other hand, this is the age where factors like stress, attention disorder, psychological pressures and conflicts from parents play an important role in impacting the individual personality and most of the teens are seen fighting with these agreeable of problems due to lack of parental interest, or sometime over protectiveness of parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.wisegeek.com/how-can-schools-enforce-mandatory-attendance.htm 4 http//www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/848-855.pdf