Inventory Management Systems Essay

In todays craft environment, even many meeker workes have come to rely on computing deviceized origin management corpses. Automated systems fundament replace the live and sentence consuming processes that were once completed by hand while providing companies with more than accurate information. arsenal control is important to ensure control in businesses that handle transactions revolving around consumer goods. Without proper inventory control, a barge in may run out of stock on an important item.A good inventory control system leave behind alert the retail merchant when it is time to reorder (www.barcodesinc.com). It ordain also aid in the saloon of theft and product loss. Overall, a good inventory system convey increase the value of your business, satisfy your customers and create more freedom in your life. In this paper, I leave describe all the necessary equipment for a low-cost automatise inventory system for a small wear store. I will also explain the cos ts involved in the creation of the system, describe the ongoing victuals that will be essential and provide a workflow diagram to illustrate how the system will work.An inventory control system that I feel best provides the remove of a small clothing store consists of a PC (laptop), title/recovery and archive ruse, wireless router, inventory control software, meandering(a) scan maneuver, and barcode printer. The system shall provide versatility and reliable performance application demands. This system will make tracking inventory simple and intuitive. This system will exit for flexibility to scan and track inventory away from the PC, enabling inventory records to be updated and perform transactions on-the-go. Updates and changes made are instantly shown in the main database, providing real-time visibility of inventory levels.The necessary equipment needed is a PC (laptop), system requirements, (32-bit or 64-bit Windows 7 Professional, Windows Visa Premium, Windows XP (SP3) P rofessional, 4 GB RAM, 320 GB disk, DVD), backup/recovery and archive device, wireless router for mobile device use, inventory control software for tracking point-of-sale purchase, a mobile scanning device that allows for wireless integration of data, and barcode printer for adjudicateing and tracking inventory. The initial cost of the system, includes the purchase of the hardware and software needed to effectively label and track inventory. Required hardwarePC (laptop) (Dell Latitude E6420 (32-bit 4 GB RAM Windows 7 320 GB disk Intel central processing unit 2.66 GHz CPU NVIDIA GPU With DVD Drive 1280 x 800 Touchpad) purchased from www.dell.com for $669.00 Backup/recovery and archive device (Dell PowerVault RD1000 Removable Disk Storage) purchased from www.dell.com for $409.00 Wireless router (Linksys E3200 High Performance Dual sight Router) purchased from www.tigerdirect.com for $149.00 Mobile scanning device (Metrologic ScanPal 2) purchased from www.barcodediscount.co m for $503.90 Barcode printer (Zebra LP 2824 Plus) purchased from www.barcodediscount.com for $223.10 Required SoftwareInventory software, Microsoft Business Solutions Point of Sale Software (single user license), purchased from www.barcodediscount.com for $12.20 The total cost of the inventory system is $1966.20. This is an extremely affordable solution for a small business. Computer preventive maintenance means the operating system is more likely to be cleaned, fine-tuned and better prepared for the unexpected. If routinely scheduled maintenance tasks are not implemented, computers/servers become infected, tweaked and not ready for whatever happens. eyepatch every mishap cannot be avoided, even small efforts made in this area increase a computer operating systems performance. This is what makes preventative maintenance important (www.ehow.com). Ongoing maintenance of the inventory system includes preventative maintenance as well as vendor supplied updates and patches. marketer su pplied patches are updates from the provider to effectively repair a bug in the system. Vendor supplied updates provide the latest software updates provided by the vendor. Both patches and updates must be applied to the system to function justly. Routine maintenance will be performed every 90 days. Routine maintenance includesKeeping devices properly patched and configured to reduce risk Device health checks to take for systems up and running Minor configuration changes Running scheduled tasks such as defragmentation and disk cleanup on devices Driver updates Increase computer/server memory as needed Patch, monitor and manage certificate devices It is extremely important that all hardware and software stay cutting-edge and completely integrated. Failing to do so, can give you false data which can result in an overstock or under-stock of supplies and cause the business a loss. Below is a flow chart diagram of each(prenominal) piece of equipment used, along with how to the inven tory control system integrates with one another.Companies can build their own custom retail inventory systems based upon their needs. In todays business environment, it is almost vital that businesses switch to an automatize system for inventory management because manual inventory can lead to a number of errors, which will hurt the company in the future. An automated inventory system increase companies productivity and sales and gives them a competitory edge against their competition.

Cross-cultural Interactions Essay

Communication differs in various socialisations. A multi bailiwick or a global compevery employs a great turn of mickle with assorted cultural traits. Some may possess traits that argon good for business when sent to countries a trend from home and some may non feign up this responsibility well. People with different value respond in various ways to leadership especi all toldy from leaders from a different background or shade. Cultural variety show is very(prenominal) wide and this would practice to some extent difficulties for a foreigner in a strange land.This is mainly because the foreigner has ittle or no knowledge of the lands refinement. For instance being a German and on the job(p) in a subsidiary of the German m otherwise company in China, I have come to realize the big contrast that thither is in various cultures. The police squad that I work with is a cross- cultural team. National culture does not fit with the make-upal culture from my escort in this cr oss-cultural team. National culture is the values that an individual learns premature in life and continues to grow or change slowly with generations. It is passing held in individuals hence difficult to influence .Organizational culture on the other hand means the wide guidelines that are created by an organization and is rooted on the Job t conveys and practices.. It is a programmed way of thinking and reacting. It is put on to differentiate a certain category of people from the other. Due to the late held national culture by people, it is difficult to change the organizational culture especially in a cross-cultural team. This is because for some, the organizational culture goes against the national culture accordingly the practices of the organization pass on be taken for tending(p) and undermined e. . a eadership trait which falls under an organizational culture hind end be easily shunned by a particular employee from a different culture if the trait is against his/her national trait. I encounter various strains at my workplace. A group of a certain culture will adopt or conform to a certain set of values and beliefs, and the other would differ from them. A large group with a set of analogous values would fall in the same culture. The minority and the majority thitherfore have conflict when it comes to certain situations within the team.For instance, Germans are always on schedule and very unctual. This is their national culture. In the cross-cultural team in that location are people who have different perception when it comes to keeping time. When it comes to aid meetings for instance, there will be a set of people who will be punctual and those who will be late. This is a cause for tension within the cross-cultural team. Tension is a known cause for a decrease in a companys productivity. Action should thereof be taken to resolve tension or conflict in these teams.Conflict is a challenge that is always faced by a team that is cross-cultural because it arises from time to time. The success and failure of a team depends on its response in time of conflict. To initiate organizational changes, I have done research and have come up with a plan of giving lessons to my team members. These lessons dont give a direct solution to the conflicts but guidance on how to prevent, respond to and execute tension. The tips in my lesson plan include Knowledge ot one selt and culture- when one becomes certain ot his culture, i. e. here he/she comes from and who he/she really is, it becomes easier to understand other peoples background hence become open to different ideas. This shag be chieved by establishing friendship within the team Being inquisitive- ask other members with a different background from yours about your new environment and how best things are run and more importantly know how to aim with situations to avoid conflict Listen to people from a different culture effectively to have a better understanding of one another(p renominal)s ways. This should only be done in situations where it doesnt cause discomfort.Learn the expectations of others by having conversations about conflicts and the way forward when it arises. Management culture that suits every single person from a different culture should be ut in place. Management culture is one of the most vital leadership tools. In my opinion, a type of caution that respects the differences and similarities of all employees should be adopted. Excellent organizational culture is the main goal of a company or an organization in regards toa cross-cultural team. To achieve this goal, steering culture must be put in place . premier(prenominal) of all, understanding the uniqueness and the differences of to each one individual is very important. This is largely referred to as work place diversity. Diversity entails religious beliefs, gender, race, age, political beliefs, sexual orientation and ethnicity. To deal effectively with this, the HR should check on issues such as communication, coping with differences and change. Management culture is important because it creates a comfortable and controlling working environment hence higher productivity from the employees.The following management strategies should be adopted Acquiring knowledge about different cultures and their ways of conducting business The leaders should nurture the communication, creative and cultural skills of various employees and utilize these skills to improve the policies, customer service and their products Being open minded. This involves leaders and their employees sexual climax out of their comfort zone and accepting ways that they are not familiar with in terms of management.People from different backgrounds potty cistron in better and fresh ideas which could result in better service and performance Formulation of programs that will recognize the diversity of each individual. This will result in more interest in their roles Posting employees to areas where they can advance culturally Language training Taking care of employees complaints and issues testing the organizations practices to make sure that no discrimination against any ulture is practiced. At times, conflict becomes inevitable between members in the subsidiary.It always happens when there are people with a variety of different expectations. In a situation like this, I would resolve to a different way of handling conflict. The first step would be to make the employees aware of the difference in culture among them. Apart from making them aware, I would formulate a program where all employees will be taught about the existence ot diversity and to learn ways ot respecting these different values and practices. Encouraging the team to take up tasks overseas henever an opportunity arises is another positive way to bring off inevitable conflicts.This will improve the interaction of employees with different backgrounds and cultures. The more sexual they get about a variety of cu ltures, the more understanding of each other they also get. To avoid recurring tensions, another important schema to follow through is to offer counselling to employees and their families that are moving to a new country. This can be done before and after the internationalistic assignment . When positive relationships are built between diverse individuals, a deeper understanding of each other is formed.

Psy 202 Self Reflective

deep down The Life of a Persevering Adult A Self blame Amber Ward Psy 202 Professor Stephen Law October 25, 2012 I. What was your family like? A. Single nourish strict home B. Middle of three children C. Parents disassociate and fathers absence II. What things do you remember ab expose your childhood? A. Financial Hardships B. Good measures along with tough times C. go independent at a young age D. Things chosen to barricade nearly E. Sports III. Greatest achieve handsts A. Career B. Abuse survivor C. Return to trail IV. What are your soulal, professional, and academic goals? A. Demonstrating the importance of a college education to my peers B.Owning my own preschool C. Earning my bachelors leg Through go forth biography, we totally concur pitfalls that we believe hold us vertebral column from dreams, only I believe that we vex the opportunity to persevere and trigger off forward in the future. On a daily basis, we consider decisions victimisation the conscious m ind and try to apply the adult development theories when do those decisions but, we whitethorn non always apply them correctly. Although my story may be atomic number 53 of a series of pitfalls and setbacks, I will prove to others that effort has pulled me through with(predicate) those pitfalls and setbacks and has gotten me to where I am today.I do not see my pitfalls as mistakes, but rather as life lessons that pay off contributed to bettering my life and pliant who I am today. Life does not create a person a person creates their own life. While we all have dissimilar journeys that lead us to where we are today, my life has been unmatched that I enumerate upon as a true persevering story. Throughout my childhood, I versed the importance of hard recreate and dedication to family. My father was from a war machine family and was strict the couple years he was around.While close to might reckon his discipline style and strictness out of the ordinary, I appreciate what h e did and how he taught me the value of look upon. At times, growing up as the oculus child in a broken family was not an easy life. I believe that I had to do what my sisters were doing. I constantly thought that my capture only took my sisters needinesss and needs into consideration, and that led me to seclude myself. I allowed my fathers disappearance to take me away from reality and grew up resenting my immediate family. I regularly kept to myself in my room and was the different one(a) in the family.This self-perception from others led me down a deep path of depression I chose to hear only what I valued to hear when my family tried to go across with me and that created problems for me. Despite my fathers disappearance, my father made several attempts at talking with me and trying to understand why I was in much(prenominal) a dark place. Instead of talking to anyone I chose to ignore what they viewed as kindness and chose to ignore them. The majority of my childhood often seems to be throw up in the back of my mind. I remember key pull downts but pocketable to nothing else.I do not remember the name of a maven friend from any grade all the way through college as I did not have legion(predicate) I had select computer programing in my brain that allowed me to keep only those treasured times in my memory to fight the depression. I do remember growing up with financial hardships. Looking back, I right away realize that there were umteen other children that had it much harder than my family did. I believe that these financial hardships came about during my parents divorce, when I was two years old. I am lucky to say, I have never gone without a meal though and could count on having clean lothes for school. My mother always tried to push me to do those activities that my sisters participated in. However, dismantle though I played soccer and softball I be quiet felt let out as these activities were not of my liking. My sisters outstripled in bo th sports causing me to gain a sense of jealousy. I then became even more withdrawn from society and would go to bed crying every night. At the age of eighteen, I decided I did not indigence to be alone, so I set-backed online dating. I then was constantly staying with others and chose my relationships with these men over my family.Despite my familys pleas and wishes to prevail out of those bad relationships, I had to record on my own. At the time, I blamed my family for everything I believed to have caused a horrible relationship and broken family. Before long I got taken advantage of and abused in every way possible by the guys I was dating. I worked every day but would spend all my time and money on my relationships and get nothing in return. inwardly an unusually short time frame, I reminded myself of a lesson my parents attempted to get wind me It is better being alone than in a bad relationship.At the refreshed age of twenty two, I got hurt so miserably I thought abou t giving up on life. Initially, I unattended the situation and did not realize the seriousness of it until I woke up one cold and out of it with bruises and not remembering what had happened the night before. I promptly realized that I needed to seek support and get out of that relationship before I die. After speaking with my father afterwards two years, I decided that I should instigate out of town with him. My father would provide me with somewhere to live and a fresh start on life.Within three weeks, I moved to Ventura, California where I outright reside and started with a clean slate. The move brought about a new perspective on life and gave me time to evaluate myself. I gained a new respect for myself and appreciation for those that tried to reach out. All of the departed relationships were straight off past times experiences. However, not having a relationship and being so torn caused me to need counseling for severe post traumatic evince disorder. I still believe ca lling my dad saved my life. Upon move into my second month of counseling, I enrolled in classes at American intercontinental University.I viewed college as an opportunity to prepare for my future and to prove to myself that I am worthy of finishing something I had always wanted. I found myself environ by many supporters that drove me to succeed and encouraged me every standard of the way. During the last weeks of my first semester of college, my life changed forever. I spent the night in a psychiatric hospital for wanting to end my life in the past. I had everything taken from me and had to force the nurses to inform my father where I was since I lived with him. I cried that entire night and did not sleep all but maybe ten minutes in the twenty four minute period.All my classes received failing grades as it was finals week and, policy was a scholarly person must attend finals and my world came crashing down. Upon my exit, I became a full time nanny and began my locomote. Howev er, I still wanted to stay true to myself and wanted to complete my associates degree and then obtain a bachelors degree. John Hollands constitution theory states People feel that their avocation is fulfilling if there is a match between some features of their work and their personality (Witt & Mossler, 2010, pg. 30). This statement could not pertain more to me when describing my career in the childcare field.My time with the children has been one of the some challenging and rewarding experiences of my life. I have been fortunate to be blessed with loving families that I work for that have at one time become my own. By taking advantage of these opportunities presented, I am well on my way to opening my own preschool-based daycare center. Though I have faced many setbacks, I have chosen to use each one as a tuition experience in bettering my future. During the abuse, I remembered that there is someone out there that does love me and is worth my time.I am truly fortunate to h ave lived through an instance that was so sad and could have taken my life. While my career in childcare has been one of my most valued experiences, one of my most rewarding experiences would be getting the opportunity to live. My family always told me there is a reason why I am on this earth they could not have been more correct. Being able to survive a tragic attack made me value what I have With a now loving boyfriend of one and half years and a encouraging family at my side cheering me on I now kip down why I must continue to persevere and not let anything stand in the way of my hopes and dreams.My drive in life is now not one of satisfying only others that did not care about me, but now one of self respect and dignity. I want to do everything to prove that I can use perseverance to get through anything or anyone that tries to knock me down. As I continue to move through life I accept every day as a new beginning I believe that too many batch settle for less than what they d eserve because they think their goals are out of reach once someone or something tries to block their path.Very few people achieve anything significant without first overcoming obstacles as seen in Zeleznocks article saw If at first one does not succeed, try again (Zeleznock, 2008, pg. 1). What life has taught me is that if one lets setbacks control their life they will never move forward. In order to have a positive self image one must push to succeed and maintain self worth. Using setbacks and allowing others to make your decisions will only result in regret and lead one down a life of self doubt. Each day I view as a new beginning and an opportunity to give away and grow with others.As I accept new challenges, I look upon my past as a foundation for building knowledge and wisdom. If I am able to use perseverance to maintain my focus and achieve my goals, I will live a life of happiness. Despite my own softness to recognize it at the time, I have an incredible family that suppo rted me passim my childhood. I have learned many positive lessons about office and becoming a role model in todays society. I have a career that I enjoy and excel in. Most importantly, I have a family that supports me and loves me for the individual I have become.While some would look at my life and see only the setbacks, I look into the mirror and see a persevering woman with some hurt that lead me to persevere. While there are these setbacks, I now realize my place in society. I have self respect and love life and look forward to what each day may bring.References Witt, G. A. , & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult Development and Life Assessment. Retrieved from http//content. ashford. edu/books/30 Zeleznock, T. (2008), & Entrepreneurs Whose perseverance Will Inspire You. Retrieved from http//www. growthink. com/content/7-entrepreneurs-whose-perseverance-will-inspire-you

Benefits and Costs of Economic Growth

frugal growth is defined as the sustained maturation in real GDP or GNP per capita over time. Economic growth is desirable for an economy as it increases its real national in drive and standards of vivacious for its race in general. Although it is desirable, economic growth does have its returns and costs. One benefit would be increased levels of consumption. Provided economic growth outstrips population growth, it will study to higher real income per head. This throw out lead to higher levels of consumption of goods and services.With economic growth there will be improvement in business sector expectations, leading to increase in investment. Firms replace worn-out/ obsolete superior or invest in new capital. There will overly be expansion of demand, leading to increased output. Existing idle capableness and unemployed labour are utilised. This egress in to a greater extent than great deal being employed, thus increasing the level of consumption within the country. If humane welfare is related to the level of consumption, then growth provides an obvious suck up to society. Next, it can help to avoid other macroeconomic problems. spate place to higher living standards. Without a growth in productive effectiveness, mountains demands for rising incomes are likely to lead to higher inflation, proportion of payments c maturates(as more imports are purchased), etc. Growth in productive potential helps to meet these aspirations and avoid macroeconomic crises. Moreover, economic growth makes it easier to redistribute incomes to the poor. If incomes rise, the governance can redistribute incomes from the rich to the poor without the rich losing. For example, as peoples incomes rise, they automatically pay more taxes.These extra revenues for the government can be spent on programmes to alleviate poverty. Without a continuing rise in national income, the scope for helping the poor is much more limited. Society may also feel that it can afford to disq uiet more for the environment. As people grow richer, they may become less(prenominal) preoccupied with their own private consumption and more concerned to confront in a clean environment. Economic growth, though resulting in many an(prenominal) economic and social benefits to the people in the country, is not without its costs.Firstly it could result in reduced current consumption. To achieve faster growth, firms will plausibly need to invest more. This will require financing. The finance can come from higher saving, higher retained profits or higher taxes. either way, there must be a cut in consumption. In the short go bad, therefore, higher growth leads to less consumption, not more. Next, growth involves changes in production both in terms of the goods produced and in terms of the techniques apply and the skills required, the more rapid the rate of growth, the more rapid the rate of change.People may find that their skills are no longer relevant. Their jobs may be replaced by machines. People may thus find themselves unemployed, or compel to take low-paid, unskilled work. A richer society may be more concerned for the environment, but it is also likely to do more toll to it. The higher the level of consumption, the higher is likely to be the level of taint and waste. What is more, many of the environmental costs are likely to be underestimated referable to lack of scientific knowledge. Acid rain and the depletion of the ozone layer have been 2 examples.Lastly, it could deplete our non-renewable resources. If growth involves using a greater amount of resources, quite than using the same amount of resources more efficiently, certain non-renewable resources will run out more rapidly. Unless viable alternatives can be found for heterogeneous minerals and fossil fuels, present growth may lead to shortages for future generations. In conclusion, economic growth can have both benefits and costs depending on certain factors. Moreover it is desirable as long as the benefits outmatch the costs.

An investigation of code-switching in English classes at the University of Danang- College of Language Studies

Bilingual speakers usually tend to under subscribe slightly words or phrases from peerless linguistic communication to another during conversation, which is called code-switching. accord to Heather Coffey, code-switching is the practice of moving betwixt variations of verbiages in assorted contexts. Code-switching is a similar intentionally or unintentionally practiced frequently in class. This inquiry allow focus on code-switching practice in class of both teachers and students in Danang University- College of Language Studies, how it is performed, what effects it might create as comfortably as any(prenominal) suggestions for this problem. Techniques for this investigate such as observations, consultation and taking of field notes be practised as means of data collection.Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem statement side of meat ranks second in top 10 close to Spoken Languages in the World. In Vietnam, schooling side of meat now is obtainly much popular than ever before. For those who know side, they tend to mix the ii languages, i.e. English and Vietnamese, in conversation. Code-switching, the practice of moving back and forth between twain languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language, thusly is inevitable and whatsoever sentences unconscious, curiously when they argon having English classes.For example, in an English class at Danang University- College of Language Studies, a teacher says Cc em lm biwriting ri submit cho c qua mail., and students ask Deadline l khi no vy c? Those ar just two in tons of code-switching that gouge be found in English classes. The frequence of finding code-switching practice inside classrooms is very racy and it is deserving paying attention to work on. That is the reason why I would like to train on this problem to investigate. 1.2 Research rationaleNowadays, English is an obligatory thing at school, a means of international communication, and a second language in our so ciety. Our college, the College of Language Studies, offers official, integrated and advanced language training, of which the strength is English. Moreover, students who work English ar better prepared and withstand larger dictionary since they are taught English at high schools. Finally, it is not only students still also the teachers that code-switch in class for many(prenominal) reasons.Therefore, the finding of code-switching between English and Vietnamese is much higher than in other languages. By carrying disclose this canvas, I hope that it entrust help the students and the teachers as well be aware of code-switching in class and through some general suggestions for this issue, they can find specific solutions to avoid the drawbacks and learn code-switching an effective tool for learning and teaching English. 1.3 Research scopeCode-switching is a broad topic since it occurs in many aspects of our lives. However, in this research, I only focus on code-switching in English classes performed by teachers and students of Danang University- College of Language Studies- Department of English beca use I think it is more practical and feasible. Therefore, the process of interviewing and observation ordain take built in bed in some English classes and some notes are also taken from the Internet. both the participants taking part in this study are required to use Vietnamese as their mother tongue, and English as their second language.1.4 Aims and objectivesThe study explores the use of code-switching in English classes at the College of Language Studies. Specific objectives are set as follows Examine the frequence of code-switching found in these classes check out thefluency and accuracy of the participants who apply code-switching in their classes Investigate the purposes and reasons for the practice of code-switching in classes Present an array of the influences of this practice1.5 Research question What is likely to be the frequence of the pra ctice of code-switching in English classes? What are the reasons and purposes for code-switching in English classes? What are the effects that code-switching might create and what can be d one to make it a useful tool for teaching and learning English?1.6 HypothesisFirstly, it is hypothesized that the frequency of code-switching among bilinguals is very high because of a number of reasons. It may occur because there are no equivalent words, to convey intimacy, to avoid being overheard or understood, to add emphasis and some other reasons. Such reasons were anticipated in the findings of Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011). In addition, Walid M Rihane (n.d) also provided five reasons for code-switching, which are solidarity, tender status, topic, devotion and persuasion.Secondly, there is a tendency of practicing code-switching in class more, especially amongst students since they are encouraged to use English in classes their vocabulary and grammar, however, is sometimes not enough to expr ess their feelings or ideas. This may cause some effects such as words and phrases are applied in the wrong way, some students might transcribe some words to the accents and dialects that they are familiar with and so on.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1. Previous studies 2.1.1 Code-switching in conversationCode-switching is one of the major issues in bilingual research. harmonize to Milroy and Muysken (1995), the switches occur in different ways, sometimes the switching occurs between the turns of speakers in a conversation, sometimes between utterances within a single turn and sometimes even with in a single utterance. Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), also investigated code-switching in conversation of Vietnamese teenagers, she pointed out that to some people, Code-switching has become a habit and most time occurs subconsciously when speaking with people at the same age and that code-switching should be viewed from the perspective of providing a linguistic profit rather than an obstruction t o communication.2.1.2. wherefore do people code-switch?Code-switching often happens with bilinguals and there are many reasons for this. Walid M Rihane (n.d) argued that code-switching is motivated by five main factors, which are solidarity, social status, topic, affection and persuasion. Some research has also found that people code-switch to emphasize or clarify a particular point, to reinforce a request, to substitute a word or to express a concept that does not turn in a direct equivalent in other language. Specifically, Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), provided some factors that influence code-switching, such as No equivalent words in Vietnamese.2.1.3 Code-switching in the classroomCurrently, there has been several research on this field. Ehsan Rezvani (2011), in the research Code-switching in Iranian Elementary EFL Classrooms An Exploratory Investigation proved that code-switching is a readily available and frequently applied strategy for foreign language teachers in classroom inter action and classroom management, although the teacher enjoyed high English proficiency levels, they did not maximize the target language (i.e. English) in their classroom interactions. In addition, Bulelwa Ndabeni (2002) argued in her research An investigation of Code duty period in different learning areas in a grade heptad class that code switching has an important role to play in the school classroom, but more longitudinal studies are needed on the implications of code-switching.She noted that we must also be careful of the other disconfirming side of classroom code switching teachers should be aware of the splendour of code switching in the classroom, but they should not use it as an avoidance strategy. In my research, therefore, I lead present some general suggestions to make code switching more useful in English classes. Chapter 3 Methodology and procedures3.1 Research methodI propose a qualitative study using questionnaires, observation and in-depth interview methods. S pecifically, I would like to use questionnaires to collect the data. One of the major advantages of this method is that it provides possible anonymity and avoids distraction on the part of the respondents. It can be easy to gather a large amount of information to analyze. However, using questionnaires also brings some drawbacks. Therefore, I would also choose natural observation, which involves observing behavior as it takes place in the environment. In this case, the environment is inside the classroom of English classes. card is a useful strategy.For Saurab, It is the primary mode of acquiring knowledge close to the environment. This method will help the researcher avoid the broad range of problems that is usually found if using questionnaires. For example, when having questionnaires delivered to the respondents, the researcher might not always get accurate or complete answer, or respondents may answer in ways that correspond to what is socially desirable. In addition, in-dep th interview is used as well. This is a powerful data collection method. The biggest advantage of this method is that there is time for the respondent to further develop and consume reasons for his or her point of view- without being influenced by the opinion of other respondents.3.2 exposition of existence and sampleThe participants of the study are teachers and students of The University of Danang- College of Language Studies- Department of English. Those participants, especially students, come from different cities and provinces. The gap of facilities needed to learn English, therefore, may exist amongst the students. Furthermore, the participants are required to use Vietnamese as their mother tongue, and English as their second language.The chosen grapheme of sample is simple stochastic sample, i.e. each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. According to Natalie Andrew, freedom of human bias and classification error remains one of the biggest advantag es simple random sampling offer and if done right, simple random sampling results in a sample highly representative of the population of interest.3.3 Data Collection reading will be collected by observing indiscriminately some English classes with Vietnamese teachers. These classes could be for first year or even final year students, since even first year students study integrated English. The researcher will record the date or take some notes. Furthermore, as mentioned above, questionnaire will be used as one of the method to collect the information. The questionnaires will include both closed and overspread questions and they will be delivered to random classes in the college. In addition, some interviews are also conducted to find out the ways and the reasons for code-switching. The interviewer will ask some closed and open questions and then probe for elaboration. In this way, data will be collected by taking notes.3.4 Instrument for data analysisThere will be some instrument needed for data analysis. For interview, it is needed to have a computer and a recorder apart from notes. The computer is to type and edit questions and answers and to save the information after the interview. It is used to design the questionnaires as well. It is also necessary to have a simple calculator to go in out the frequency of the practice of code-switching through its occurrences. In some cases, Microsoft stand out is used as a tool to help the researcher analyze faster and more accurately.3.5 Data analysis and expected findingsData collected will be dissected by logical and statistical techniques to correspond to the followings the frequency of using code-switching in English classes of both teachers and students, the purposes and the ways of practicing code-switching. The researcher will count the occurrence of code-switching in the data collected, then identify the frequency. Information from the interview and questionnaires will be analyzed mainly to get the reasons and courtesy of performing code-switching in classes. Finally, the researcher makes a report to present the findings.

Case Study Cultural Considerations of Shanghai Disneyland Essay

yarn-dye Disneyland resort opening 2015 allow for have the biggest and tallest Cinderella castle in the world. The tell apart players atomic number 18 the Chinese presidency, Disney, Shanghai Shendi classify and Mike Crawford, with the key event being the Chinese governments approval in 2009. The political, social considerations, tuition and economic environments are then explained. The condition coming and dimensional approach are use to handle the cultural considerations. The case allow for go on to discuss that while there are no flowing implications affecting the domestic and outside(a) disdain, it allow for tell of how Disney will eudaimonia the Chinese economy, through growth in income, employment etc. It is recommended that Disney reform the cultural considerations through character costumes, food and by broadening their fag market.The essay will look at the case of Shanghai Disneyland and discuss key players. Events and discuss case context through an inter national context. It will continue to determine the case tell aparts and the relevant theories apply to develop solutions to taste the cross-cultural understandings of culture. The essay will then show the implementations that domestic and international businesses slip that operate within the theme park industry, and give recommendations to meliorate the cross-cultural understandings.The Article looks at Disneyland opening in Shanghai in 2015 thanks to the Chinese governments approval on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). The resort will agree of deuce Disney hotels, 46,000 square meters for retail, dinning, entertainment venues, recreational facilities, a lake, parking and send out hubs (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney will have the biggest and tallest Cinderellas castle in the world, will be interactive and called the Enchanted Storybook castle (Rapoza, 2013).Shanghai Disney sits on or so 1,00 acres, and is three times bigger than Hong Kong Disney (Rapoza, 2013). The resort i s budgeted at 24.5 billion kwai ($3.7 billion) for the theme park and an additional 4.5 billion Yuan ($700 million) to chassis hotels and eating place venues (Rapoza, 2013). Disney itself will own 43% of the property while the Shanghai Shendi Group will own the re of importing 57% (Rapoza, 2013). Mike Crawford, Disneys common manger states that We are excited to see the resort development coin into an intensive phase of construction and We look forward to providing much updates in the future, as we reach key milestones (Rapoza, 2013).Key players in the case are the Chinese government, who hope to improve the local economy. The Shanghai Shendi Group, Disney and Mike Crawford are excited to reach key milestones towards the opening of Shanghai Disneyland. Disney have used various initiatives to lead to the approval of Shanghai Disneyland, included are television, enquiry pictures and consumer products (Yang, 2012). Key events started with the Chinese governments approval for Disne yland to be chinawares first mainland resort on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). Hong Kong Disneyland then recorded benefit of $14.1 million (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney has revealed that there will also be two themed hotels, with the grand opening late 2015 (Rapoza, 2013).In understanding culture it is arrogant to understand the control of political, economic, educational and social variables (Kelley & Worthley, 1981). In mainland China, political environments of two domestic and international companies operate under government control (Zhu & Xu, 2010). The Chinese government has been in talks with Disney for more than ten years, and has kept motionless communication (Zhu & Xu, 2010). It is important for Disney to have good relationship with the Chinese government as they share ownership of Shanghai Disneyland (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Due to China lull being a developing country, Shanghai Disneyland has had to set a more lower entrance fee to catch more Chinese consumers (Zhu & Xu, 2010). accessible considerations that Shanghai Disneyland has had to face are their main target group. Disneylands main target are children, in China however, children are expected to go after academically before socially (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Most people in China do not speak position, and so Disney opened a chain of mountains of language schools in Shanghai, with the goal to teach children to speak English, Disney is also employing English and Chinese communicators (Brooks, 2009).High context cultures and low context cultures are used in understanding cross-cultural considerations, and loafer often lead to ignorant problems I the workplace and negotiations in governments (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 102). In a high context culture such(prenominal) as China, communication relies heavily on inarticulate conditions or assumptions, whereas in a low context culture such as America (Disney), communication is usually taken at face value however, the context approach only represents one dimension (Peng, 2013, p. 37). until now Hofstedes dimensions of culture represent several dimensions and is far more influential and consists of long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, individualism and collectivism and power outdo (Peng, 2013, p. 37). Individualism and collectivism have impacted the case, due to Disney coming from an American/western culture, which is vast on individualism, and the Chinese being collectivists. Individualism determine individual achievements, failures and rights over the collective (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Collectivism values the group above the individual requests or rights (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Disney was able to understand this particular issue and took advantage to use local companies instead of American resources to help build the technological environment and will help improve their reputation (Zhu & Xu, 2010). composition there are no implications however for domestic business in china, the Shanghai Disney project has already attracted many industries and corporations, including culture industries, restaurants, hotels and content occupation industries (Crawford, 2010, p.13). With a 330million target market population within a 3hour wad or train ride, and recent transportation investments will make Shanghai accessible by key provinces to Disneyland, which will all bring a catalyst for growth (Crawford, 2010, p.13). This will generate income, employment, investment and infrastructure developments that can be leveraged by other industries (Crawford, 2010, p.4-20)There are no implications yet affecting international business in China. Shanghai will become a major destination for business travel with the opening of Disneyland in 2015 and for many state-owned enterprises establishing headquarters in the city (Jian, 2013). Shanghai has 230 international site flights and all the worlds major hotel groups have hotels in the city to meet the business traveller demand (Ji an, 2013).Through looking above it is shown that Shanghai Disneyland will improve the Chinese economy, and build growth towards their tourism industry in both domestic and international businesses. It is recommended that for Shanghai Disney to improve cultural perspectives, they should coiffe Disney characters in the Chinese Tang costume, and the food served to be Chinese-American. Disney would also need to adjust their main target in China, as students are more academically inclined and could therefore prepare for young couples and young families.

Philosophical Context in Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis

Intro Kafka never fully embraced Zionism, and he remained ambivalent toward Judaism. He was more openly interested in anarchism and socialism, solely was not commit to either philosophy because he refused to completely align himself with an established worldview. contemporaneity -Kafka was exposed to Modernism. -Modernism was a movement during the late 19th century and wee twentieth century of scientific, technological and industrial development. Modernists shared a confide to create literary plant life that was new and different. Their belief was to capture the reality of modern-day life and that rapid change cause uncertainty, disjointedness, and alienation. Kafka wrote about the absurdity of existence, the modify experience of modern life, and the cruelty of authoritarian power. -The word Kafkaesque has passed into the literature to describe an unsettling, disorienting, nightmarish world that is at once both d consumeful and menacing in its ambiguity and complexity. Kafka s views on Humanity Speaking with his booster dose Max Brod, Kafka once explained that he judgment human beings were trapped in a hopeless world. This belief never leaves Kafkas writing, and it is present in The Metamorphosis, where Gregors unaccompanied option, in the end, is to die.Ironically, the write up ends on an optimistic note, as the family puts itself back together. existentialism -Kafka never studied philosophy but he was friends with several intellectuals and read readys by famous philosophers. -Several people think of Kafka as an existential philosopher. -Existentialism is a 20th-century philosophical movement, which assumes that people are entirely free and thus accountable for what they make of themselves. -The early 19th century philosopher Soren Kierkegaard is regarded as the pose of existentialism. -Franz Kafka was an eventful literary author in existentialism.His story, which is surreal, is i of many modernist literary works that was influenced by existen tialist philosophy. -The Metamorphosis advances the existential view of the responsibility of the private to maintain a balance amid work and leisure. If one chooses to send their life entirely to work, they are no more than droning insects, until now if they devote their lives to leisure, they are no better off. -Gregor initially chooses society everyplace himself, which in turn transformed him into the working drone he was. afterward his physical transformation, he is forced reassert his focus to himself, and society abandons him.Nietzche and Kierkgaard -Kierkegaard and Nietzsche considered the map of making free choices,Kierkegaardsknight of faithand NietzschesUbermenschare vocalisation of people who exhibitFreedom and define the nature of their own existence. -Nietzsches precedent individual invents his or her own values and creates the terms under which they excel. -Gregors antic insect form represents Gregors radical refusal to submit to societys values like Nietzsch ean Ubermensch. Martin Buber -Kafka was friends with philosopher and existentialist Martin Buber.They would send each other letters and these letters were later produce in Bubers The letters of Martin Buber a life of dialogue. Together they discussed existentialism and were sort of a literary circle. They were both jewish and anarchists. -Shared existentialist rejection of achieving real comfort in life. Characters in Kafkas tales are left wanting something, needing a connection to the world that can never be made complete. Sigmund Freud -Kafka was beaten(prenominal) with the newly published works of Sigmund Freud. -However, he was no Freudian supporter and wrote negatively of psychoanalytic theory. But Gregors conflict with his father and the dream-like quality of the story realtes to Freuds analysis of dreams and the Oedipal complex A subconscious sexual desire in a child, especially a male child, for the parent of the opposite sex, normally accompanied by hostility to the p arent of the same sex. All sons looking at they are in competition with their father and often feel in a battle against the father. Father vs. Son in Metamorphosis -Gregor seems to birth a difficult relationship with his father. His family rejects him, and his main enemy is his father, who wants to kill him. When Gregors father sees Gregor in his insect form, he shakes his fist at him and glares at him fiercely. subsequently he attacks him with a newspaper and a walking stick, and, bombards him with apples, causing him respectable injury. -He is likewise makes sarcastic comments, suggesting for instance that Gregors room is untidy. -It also turns out that he has deceived Gregor about the family finances, thus extending the length of Gregors employment at the hateful travelling salesmans job. -He also does not seem particularly appreciative of the money Gregor has been bring in. Gregors disappointment over the lack of appreciation is one of the few detailed thoughts he think s about his father. -He also thinks briefly that the money his father hid from him could bedevil been used to free him from his job sooner, but he quickly dismisses the thought by saying that no doubt his father knew best. -Basically Gregors father abuses him, but he suppresses his angry responses and accepts his downtrodden state. Marx and Kafka -Karl Marx believed alienation is a result of capitalism. Kafka was influenced by his semipolitical philosophy of Marxism. A Marxist would read Gregors inability to work as a protest against the dehumanizing and alienating effects of working in a capitalistic society. -Gregor Samsa, the protagonist, signifies the proletariat, or the working class, and his unnamed manager represents the bourgeoisie. -The conflict that arises between the two after Gregors metamorphosis, which leaves him unable to work, represents the dehumanizing structure of class relations. -Finally, the results of Gregors inability to work is abandonment by his family a nd death. -The words he chooses to describe his job, torture, worrying, and miserable install his discontent with his job.He says, If I didnt hold back for my parents sake, I would wee quit long ago. It is only economic necessity that keeps him qualifying to work everyday. Historical Context -In 1912, when Kafka was writing The Metamorphosis, Prague was a city of ethnical tensions, primarily between Czechs and Germans and between Czechs and Jews. -Economically, the late nineteenth century attach the climax of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. -Industrial development within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was not as advanced as in Europe but Prague was one of the most advanced and prosperous cities in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, along with the prosperity created by the new industrialism came dislocation and disruption of the old ways, largely as a result of the shift of large numbers of people from the countryside to the city. Industrialization also meant the appearance of large numbers of jobs, for both factory and office workers, which was hardwork. And the indoctrinate system enforced a system of routine learning that seemed unrelentingly joylessat least it seemed joyless to young Kafka, who hated school, fairish as he hated his first full? time job. farseeing hours at boring jobs create alienation. And oppressive employers like Gregors were normal.

Activity 2

SOCY 101 Nicole Cousin- Gosset 18 September 2012Activity Two *What would he or she find? Based on your knowledge of your hometown, list emerge the positive and negative things you think the ethnographer might find. Positive * Good bar of private owned businesses * towering value for education (successful come ins of graduates) minus * Low rate of diversity * Hard to find a bloodline nowadays *What atomic number 18 some things that strike you about your hometown based on census data? What might the tec learn if only reviewing the statistical data from census records?What are some things that might be cons accepted about your hometown from only reviewing census data? Positive * 88. 8% High School Graduates, % of persons age 25+, 2006-2010 * Median Household income 2006-2010 is $63,959 * Living in the same house 1 year & over, 2006-2010 is 86. 6% Negative * imply travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16+, 2006-2010 is 27. 9 * Persons down the stairs poverty level, percen t, 2006-2010 is 8. 1% * Bachelors degree or higher, pct of persons age 25+, 2006-2010 is %35. Some of the things that surprised me by looking at the census data were the poverty level, number of foreign born persons and homeownership rate. They were each lower than what I had anticipated when I think about Baltimore County. The poverty level and homeownership rate struck me the most because they go hand in hand with viewing how tough this bad economy has been on the county. I think the researcher would have only learned about the Business quick facts such as retail and merchant wholesaler sales because that isnt something the amount person living in Baltimore County would know.Something that might be understood scarce by viewing the statistical data on Baltimore County is that seeing as how we have a pretty large part of the population and a relatively high percentage of people below the poverty line, that we are mainly a lower-middle class region. When the fact is, that just li ke all other county, there are places where that data might be true and places where it would be the exact opposite. * Discuss the utility of qualitative and quantitative research. How does unmatchable complement the other? Quantitative research is important to take in the pith qualities something.No matter what we may like to think about a sealed topic, the truth is a fact is the difference between an opinion and a statement. It empennage clear up any confusion that may rotate when dealing with people and emotions. But likewise, the approach to understanding emotion can have its benefits as sanitary. Quantitative research can be useable for getting into a deeper level of understanding, getting past the basic facts and pickings a look as to the why, how, when, and what of the facts. The complement each other well because by using both research methods, you can completely understand each side of the topic in question.

Mood Swings Essay

Have you ever mat up that sense of smelling when you hate every single thing around you? Or the feeling that even someone breathing tummy annoy you? And lets non forget that feeling when youre just sad and you just feel so empty, for no apparent reason? Well, being a young lady it kind of comes naturally being hormonal and all at that veritable time every month and no it doesnt immediately squiffy that were bipolar. But, not only girls experience these kinds of hormonal activities even boys do.Studies show that everyone finish experience mood swings due to the daily factors in our lives like stress, for girls PMS, sometimes even the food we eat, sudden changes and many other factors. Needless to as veritable mood swings cannot be avoided yet it can be coped with. 1. Make trusted you get enough sleep. A recent study by the U.S. psychological Health Association and the Better Sleep Council identified a kindred between positive moods and sleeping between 6 and 8 hours a nigh t. Regular bedtimes were also important. 2. Keep your bedroom as dark as possible as this stimulates production of melatonin. (Low melatonin levels are linked with depression.) 3. Make sure you have a diet that supports brain health. For example, the following nutrients have been shown to support more stable moods B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, zinc and fatty acids. Also, rapid changes in race sugar can also precipitate changes in mood, so chink your consumption of refined sugar products, and make sure you eat slews of complex carbohydrates. 4. Try some natural remedies. Chamomile, lemon balm or valerian root tea are recommended for helping with anxiety. St. Johns wort is give tongue to to soothe the mind and relieve irritability. In terms of homeopathic remedies, genus Lycopodium is believed to help with anger, and feelings of agitation tarentula hispanica is used for mania and chaste berry, red raspberry, sour cohosh and sarsaparilla may help with female hormonal mood swings. 5. complicate some regular exercise in your daily schedules. This releases endorphins, the feel safe hormones. It also helps with insomnia. 6. Try and identify coping mechanisms that can ward tally or soothe fluctuations in mood. Also, keeping a journal of veto triggers can help you interrupt a pattern early on, and produce on strategies for coping with these triggers.I have yet to try these remedies because at the point where I experience a lot of stress and gaint get enough sleep and of course PMS, I can honestly say that I am a very benighted person and well to avoid arguments and false misconceptions I will unquestionably try the remedies I stated earlier.

Literary analysis of “A Good Man is Hard To Find” Essay

In the short-circuit-change story A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConner, the reader is taken on a journey and tags on with a self-centered family as they explore the sights of the rural south succession en route to their destination, a family vacation in Florida.As they break down the dusty road, OConnor (2012) takes them from heaven, all at one time, they would be on a hill, looking down over the blue tops of trees for miles around, (p. 139) and spirals them down to snake pit so the next minute, they would be in a red take uping off with the dust coated trees looking down on them, (p. 139) where they meet their emergent and unexpected demise. Through it all, OConnor spins a violent, dark and dismal tale, utilizing symbolism, allusions, ridicule and psychological aspects to effectively convey her theme of wide versus evil, and re judgments us that good does not al ways win.OConnor (2012) starts us in an unnamed city, with a family of six as they discuss their u pcoming vacation to Florida. The husband, Bailey, is succinct and short with his words. His wife and mother, both remain unnamed in the story nevertheless have quite contrasting personalities. Baileys mother, the nanna, is self-centered and often partipulative. His wife, the childrens mother, is quiet and meek as she c ars for her juvenilityest child, the baby.His 2 older children, tail Wesley and June Star, are outspoken and disrespectful, and their rude behavior goes unpunished. They travel the back roads of atomic deem 31 to incurher as the granny tells tales of the past and points out uninteresting sights, which fall on the deaf ears of her family. The family stops for lunch at a wayside diner, and the reader gets a raise glimpse into their everyday interaction, and for a moment, things rattling seem promiseful for the dysfunctional family.After their meal, the family continues on to their destination, and the grandmother and children fake Baily into taking a detour t o visit an old, mysterious estate that the grandmother once visited in her younger years. A sudden andembarrassing conceit of the grandmother leads to a car accident where miraculously, nobody sustains any honest injury. A moment of hope in rescue turns dismal as their rescuer turns out to an escaped killer, the Misfit, who eventually kills the family. The grandmother, who in more ways than one is responsible for the familys untimely kibosh, has a moment of compassion in her last moment and dies with a smile on her baptistery (p. 134-146).OConnors story is filled with symbolism and allusion, in nightspot to further convey her dark theme of destruction and suppositions surrounding it. An workout of such symbolism is when the family is passing the town of Toombsboro. OConnor (2012) writes outside of Toombsboro she woke up and recalled an old plantation that she had visited in this neighborhood once when she was a young lady (p. 138).The name of the town, Toombsboro plays on t he word tomb, which represents last. This alludes to the reader that death whitethorn be in the familys future. OConnor continues with the symbolism after the family has crashed, and their hope for rescue comes in the form of a hearse. The family sees a car easily driving towards them, lumbering along the twists and turns of the road they had just traveled. As it appears in front of them, OConnor (2012) writes it was a big black battered hearse-like travel (p.140). Again, the image of a hearse, which is used to transport the dead, brings the idea of death to the mind of the reader, and further alludes to the death that the family is intimately to encounter.OConnor (2012) furthers her death allusions and symbolism when she writes the Misfit pointed the walk of his shoe into the ground and made a little mint and then covered it up again (p. 142). The Misfit in this case, is digging a hole and then covering it back up, symbolizing the digging of a grave, and then filling the grav e back in. OConnors use of symbols of death advance her theme and add to the dark tone of the story.OConnor alike uses a number of psychological aspects to further relate her characters to her readers. As OConnor starts the story, all members of the family appear in one way or other to be self-centered, which relates to the psychoanalysis term of the Id, which are the unconscious desires of the character and the contentment of those desires. In one passage, the grandmother speaks to the children of an old southern gentleman she onceknew, Mr. Teagarden. OConnor (2012) writes she would have done well to marry Mr. Teagarden because he had bought Coca-Cola line of descent when it first came out and that he had died a very wealthy man (p.137).This comment by the grandmother hints on her unconscious free-lance(a) desires more or less money, and is even shameful enough to impart this negative personal timbre onto her grandchildren. Moreover, this quality is seen in the children when OConnor writes about June Star as she speaks about the roadside diner where they have stopped. June Star says I wouldnt live(a) in a broken-down place like this for a trillion bucks (OConnor, 2012, p. 137). June Star is showing her materialistic desires when she states that she has no care to live in anything but luxury, even for a large sum of money.Further in the story, the children throw a tantrum, even resorting to violent tactics, in order to get their way and visit the old estate where hidden valuables are rumored to be stashed. OConner (2012) writes The children began to yell and scream that they wanted to see the house with the confidential panel. John Wesley kicked the back of the front seat and June Star hung over her mothers shoulder and whined desperately into her earThe baby began to scream and John Wesley kicked the back of the seat so hard that his father could purport the blows in his kidney (p.139). Again, OConnor illustrates the Id of the children as they seek gratification of their desires, which is to get the hidden valuables. This shows the materialistic values that the young children hold. OConnors use of psychoanalytic ideas helps further convey her theme and tone to the reader.OConnor also employs a number of examples of badinage in her story to better involve the reader. The grandmother states I wouldnt take my children in any direction with a woeful like that aloose in it. I couldnt serve well to my conscious if I did (OConnor, 2012, p. 134). This statement, while foreshadowing to a certain degree, turns ironic at the end of the story, as it is the grandmother that detours the family down the dirt road, where they ultimately come into concussion with the Misfit, and are killed.It is also ironic in that the grandmother does have to answer to her conscious, and OConnor (2012) describes the grandmother, after being shot by the Misfit, as having her calculate smiling up at the cloudless sky (p. 145), showing that the grandmother died at peace. Again, this is ironic in that thegrandmother was directly responsible for her children and grandchildrens deaths, yet she died at peace with the world. OConnors use of irony throughout the story is an excellent way to further her overall tone, and tie the reader deeper into the story.OConnors story brings the reader into the realm of death by her use of symbolism, irony, and psychoanalysis. Her use of symbols and allusions of death, seeking gratification for personal desires, and the idea that the characters meet an ironic death, all build a solid motif in which to convey her theme that living a good, pure and sound life may spare you from evil. The characters may feel on top of the world as they travel down the dusty, thread road of life, but ultimately die, due to their selfish ways, in a reddened, deep ditch, at the edge of a dark woods.ReferencesOConnor, F. (2012). A Good Man Is Hard to Find. In P. Schakel, & J. Ridl, Approaching literature Reading, thinking, write (3rd ed., pp. 134-146). Boston Bedford/St. Martins.

Body Systems

Brenda Young Several systems in the human body maintain its proper function. These systems compress disease and transmission maintain proper blood flow to lungs and body, and dispose of any hook that the body no longer needs. Learning how each system whole kit and boodle was educational and quite amazing. Our tolerant system fights off bacteria, viruses, and disease. Our environment if all-encompassing of harmful toxins that our bodies are subject to daily.Most of the viruses are harmless, and our immune system cornerstone protect against them. The few that are able to invade our bodys defenses can father terrible disease and possibly death. A virus by itself is incompetent of reproducing, it is not until the body and cells become invaded that disease can set in. In a short amount of time, the infected cells generate hundreds of thousands of new viruses released into the bloodstream where they are free to infect other cells.Skin, inflammatory response and the immune system are three defenses our body uses to fight disease and transmission (Chairs, Immune System, 2013). Without the digestive system, the protein ND starch in our food could not be broken down into usable molecules, and therefore would be useless. Digestion and assimilation of the food we eat is done so with the help of several organs in our body. The nervous system and the endocrine system control the digestion process.Once we create chewed our food and activated the release of saliva, the brain sends a message to our stay where a protein- digesting enzyme from glands in the stomachs lining is released. Two hormones then circulate in the blood entering the pancreas where pancreatic Juice containing food- setting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate is released and food is broken down for the body to use and absorb (Chairs, digestive System, 2013).The entire way the human body functions are interesting and unbelievable. By maintaining good health with nutrition and exercise, we help the immun e system fight infection and our digestive system can easily dispose of and luckiness down the food we eat. When our body is healthy, our minds are healthy. References Chairs, D. D. (2013). Human Body Systems Structure, Body, milieu (2nd De. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBooks Collection database.

Appreciating Rain on a Grave by Thomas Hardy Essay

This metrical composition presents its composer, Thomas Hardy, through a persona of grief all over his juvenile married woman.The verse form is contextualized immediately after Mrs. Hardys death as the widowed persona stands by her weighty. The poem moves from third person perspective through to a first person point of view. It springs on the personas guilt of mistreating his late wife before her death and his yearning to be with her in the present.Would I lay there And she were housed there Or better, togetherWe both, who would stray thereHardy wrote this poem as a way of expiating the way he treated his late wife while she was alive. The poet, Thomas Hardy introduces the poem by describing the rain spirt on the personas wifes grave Clouds spout upon her. This creates a melancholy humor in the audience and expresses the physical irritation she suffered from the persona whilst she was living Her who but tardily Had shivered with pain, his past actions make him feel imm ensely guilty.The purpose of this poem was for the poet to reflect upon his actions and acknowledge his guilt for the mistreatment of his late wife. The persona contemplates on his behaviour towards his wife while she was alive causing her physical and emotional pain and acknowledges that his retire was lost through his ill-treatment of his late wife.This is evident through the by-line linesHer who but lately Had shivered with pain and his yearning to be reunited with her again Would I lay there And she were housed there Or better, together We both, who would stray thereThe poem moves from a serious t unmatched to a more light hearted tone. The poet evokes a sad, melancholy mood in the early stanzas of the poem Clouds spout upon her Had shivered with pain and in the late stanzas of the poem the poet evokes a somewhat contented mood Love beyond measure With a childs fun All her lifes round. in that respect is a bittersweet tone to the poets reflections upon his thoughts of his w ife in the poem.The poem consists of quatern stanzas with each stanza consisting of nine lines.The informal language in Rain on a Grave is effective and remove in conveying Hardys remembrance of thoughts and feelings as it allows him to freely express his emotions and hence it serves to achieve his purpose.Hardy uses some(prenominal) imagery techniques throughout the poem Green blades from her mound, which allows readers to visualize the grass on her grave, Clouds spout upon her which helps readers envisage the image of rain spouting on the grave giving a melancholy effect. Other techniques used are metaphors so coldly, so straightly such arrows of rain giving the striking effect of rain and the cold, reality is brings like stars on the ground, Till she form part of them- gives the lift up mood and that his wifes afterlife is a much better life than the one she had when alive, emotive language loved beyond measureWith a childs pleasure gives the empathy of love and how it can be beyond anything and rhyming techniques When sunny the daylight there, Or evening was clear At the prime of the year. The techniques in the poem assist with evoking the reader with what the persona feels and sees and the mood of the poem. The rhythm is slow and gentle, appropriate for the personas thoughts. Movement of this poem is slow placed to suit the reflective thoughts and accentuate the thoughts of the persona.Due to the poets use of structure, imagery and metaphors he enables readers to feel and sympathize with his thoughts.Bibliographyhttp//web.mac.com/kburden/iWeb/Wessex%20Heights/Podcast/F1735ED8-8E67-492C-A6B7-266F83730FDE.html

Engaging Generation Y Employees Essay

The ability of employees to combine their commitment to the organisation and the cheeks values and to work hired hand in hand with the other police squad members creating a comfortable work place that lifts up their morale to competently perform their duties is referred to as employee intimacy (Bullivant 2005). These groundss enable employees to watch decisions that cater for the success of the organization creating a strong bond betwixt the employees and the organization.The virtue of self agency and trust to the organization is developed as employees categorize themselves, as core members of the organization. Assets and resources provided by the organization argon efficiently utilise and taken c be of in an approach of securing the future of the organization. Although employee guidement has been studied for a long period of time, its implementation seems difficult as the concept behind it has not been fully understood by employees and employers. The attempt of includ ing employee engagement into the education curriculum has to a fault not been successful (Bullivant 2005).The throw in industrial relations has lead to the adjoind have of organizations to autograph an eng remote workforce that assures the development of the organization. The upcoming multiplication Y that occupies near 40 % of the piece of work arena in Europe has raised concerns in their operation might (Bullivant 2005). Employers complain about their inquisitive attitude towards the employment cultivation which is not replicated into their work output. To overcome this hurdle times Y has contrived motivational schemes that aid them to form an engaged workforce.A change in the order of preference between the customary celestial spheres and the private fields is evident in this multiplication as a higher percentage has been employed in the public fields comparing with the percentage of coevals X and boom that ar employed in the public sector (Townsend & Gebha rdt 2007). extension Y attributes furrow constancy in the public sectors as the security of employment is enhanced. Generation Y comprises individuals that are still growing financially and require stability in employment to enable them fulfil their needs.Generation Y as well as associates public sectors with the ability of enhancing good employment family that links the employer to the employees by providing a balance between work and the personal life of the generation. In the public sectors opportunities for career development education are unending and are also provided outside work hours resulting to a quick furtherance of employees, because of the pretty well defined career path. This organizational culture attracts generation Y to work in the public sector, fully formulating an engaged workforce (Cook 2008).A plethora of campaigns wants the inclusion of generation Y into political activities thusly change magnitude the desire of the generation towards politics. Publ ic sectors provide opportunities that advocate for the development of the residential area to make better their welfare by improving the economic status (Milner 2000). This prevails an probability for the generation to actively be involved with the community and thus prepare weaken opportunities of winning their votes during political rallies. Also the recognition of their views by triad party organizations results to a good development of their reputation especially since they are the future generation.Public sectors offer an attractive sum of money in their entry points thus encouraging generation Y to be fully engaged in the fundamental functions of the sector which leads to the growth of the sector and increase in the moolah margins (Terry 2000). Problem statement The economy of Europe has seen its better taste in the 21st century as it has steadily grown, so far due to the economic stability that the world is facing Business secretarial assistant John Hutton of Busines s Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) has announced a review on the importance of employee engagement in the executing readiness of British organizations (BERR 2008).The role undertaken by the public sector which mainly comprises the brass and local authority departments in engage generation Y employees aged between 27 years and below needs to recognize the generation as valuable assets to the organizations. The public sector needs to invest much on the generation by devising mechanisms which get out advocate macrocosm of an engaged workforce that forget be more beneficial towards the performance of the sector. Therefore, this proposal volition formulate strategies that will engage generation Y employees in public sector and recommendations of the evaluation criterion to be used (BERR 2008).Significance of the look at (practical and ethical issue) Organizations that strive to invest in their employees so as to improve their skills and engagement usually have big profit margins which depicts a positive growth of the organization. Therefore this study is congruent in fulfilling the research objectives depicted in the problem statement as it will advocate for the establishment of business concern environments that will encourage employee engagement. This will serve up the public sector to view the employees as valuable assets thus creating an employment relationship that is long lasting.Hence this study will identify strategical measures to be implemented during employee engagement processes to help improve the productivity level of the British sector. The study will also explain the benefits British manufacture will attain in regards to the UK business competitiveness which depicts a progression career path for the employees. The study advocates for the abolishment of trade regulation and grocery store barriers that affect the faculty of the public sectors to stipulate policies which would help them ensure employee engagement.The study also e ncourages adoption of the practice by outlining the achievements of employee engagement. The study will also correlative employment engagement with business ethical behaviour that are in accordance to human, economic and social norms through the use of meekness programs that help to implement the stipulated government policies and regulations to govern the behaviour of team members in organizations. Literature reviewStatistics show that employee engagement creates a workforce that industrial plant with passion as it find a profound relateion to the organization it is working for, resulting to the accomplishment of the organizations policies which include the mission, vision, goals and objectives. The functions of the organization, customer service, and hail of production and marketing processes are advocated by the personal growth and conjunction of the common goal because of employee engagement (Bullivant 2005).A flexible organization culture that involves inclusion of team me mbers in decision making, training programs to improve the competency of the team members and the incentive pay systems are supported by internalization of employee engagement (Bullivant 2005). Organizations that advocate employee engagement have the advantage of retaining their employees as just about 13% are likely to seek other employment opportunities (Milner 2000).Therefore, the need for government departments to review the importance of employee engagement in the performance capability of British organizations has increased (Bullivant 2005). To enable the public sector to engage generation Y employees they should re-evaluate their work culture to help improve employment relationship that exists between the sector and its employees. This will help the managers of the sector to value the rights of the employees and devise strategies that will lead to the respect and provision of their rights such as dingy offs and company infringements.This will enable employee engagement to p revail, as the employees will connect with the managers of the sector improving their correlation (Tamara 2008). Management communication will help to spell out the functions of each team members and regularly evaluate the performance of the organization in regards to the work output of each employee. Trust and rightfulness will prevail as the team members will freely fashion their comments and grievances to a listening ear, thus helping the development of employee engagement (Fitz-Enz 2009).This will help the sector to effectively distribute their duties in accordance to the capability of generation Y thus improving their work performance. An instance where the team members will look after the welfare of the others will crop up as team work will be depicted. Through watchfulness communication the managers of the sector will be able to recognize the effort of the team members rewarding them accordingly through provision of benefits and promotion schemes which will lead to career development.This will result to retention of the dynamic generation Y employees who will take pride in the sector and thus maximize their capabilities to also develop the sector (Cheese, Thomas & Craig 2008). Offering training programs that will help the employees to understand the sectors vision, ethics and improve their competence should be among the strategies the mangers of the public sector will use to engage generation Y employees.These programs will help the employees to increase their self confidence and knowledge thus adhering to the ethical codes stipulated by the policies of the public sector (Johnson & CIPD 2004). The managers of the sector will also attend training programs that will help them to hit the books strategies, values and tactics that will help them in the engagement of generation Y employees into the public sector. This will further increase the credibility of the sector as employment engagement will improve the reputation of the sector thus marketing it.Th e sector will also increase its image of customers and thus strive in the stiff competition presented by the private sector (Pinnington, Macklin & Campbell 2007). Research design The research methodology used in this study will measure on the generality and applicability of engaging generation Y employees in the public sector to improve the British industry. Action research that identifies the problem of this study in the existing business practice will be used, as solutions that will be at present incorporated into the business plan and organization culture of the public sector will result.The study will also rely on the historical perspective of the study problem to help determine the success and failures of preceding(prenominal) attempt in engaging generation Y employees in the public sector. The scope of the research will be controlled by the information availed by library and field research. The information collected will be reproducible in a descriptive manner to effectiv ely elaborate issues that correlate with the study problems.

“Malgudi Days” by R.K. Narayan Essay

In Malgudi Days, although R.K. Narayan seems to present us with a bleak portrayal of India where life is actually hard and there is very little human being happiness, he essence to reflect the triumph of the human record everywhere the cruel destiny of life. In India, poverty and the lack of education are prejudiced against and mountain are discriminated against because they are poor. In A Willing Slave, Ayah is discriminated against and tough badly merely because she is an uneducated servant. When she comes back late for the first era after her visit home, her employers imagine the worst, thinking she has perhaps been run over by a car and killed, she must squander interpreted it in her head to give herself a holiday. No one is indispensable. I will dismiss her for this. Although Ayah has contributed much to the family, no one but Radha appreciates it. The same goes for Sidda in Leelas Friend, who is immediately assumed to be a depredator simply because he was an ex-convi ct.However, the characters are not totally wretched. Both Ayah and Sidda get hold of a close, loving relationship with their charges, Radha and Leela, who seem to cling on to them more than they do to their parents. The children are free from prejudice and appreciate the true range of their servants. It is also untrue that the vicious cycle of poverty condemns a soulfulness to a life of unhappiness. In the story The Martyrs command, the lack of education does not mean a poor and unhappy life for Rama, who was said to be earning more money than graduates. At times, immaterial circumstances overturn previously happy hold ups and characters are not in control of their destiny. In The Axe, the appearance of the developers literally tear cut Velans happy existence and forces him to leave the house. In The Martyrs Corner, Rama is forced to become a waiter when his life starts on a downward spiral after his old spot was taken up by a statue of a dead political leader.Yet, sequenc e the characters are not in control of external factors, they still pass control over their inner lives. Rama lives with and adapts to his new environment and still retains his usual, noneffervescent manner. People also seem to be manipulated and exploited by early(a) people. In Selvi, Mohan uses Selvi as an emotionless mannequin, even to the point where he gives her a script to follow, all for money and his personal fame. However, Selvis emotional and eldritch self does not seem to be affected. She was rapt in whatever secret melody or world of her own and even though Mohan controls her body, he is unable to control her mind. Shealso eventually rebels and goes back to live in her old home. In A Willing Slave, Ayah seems to have been exploited by her employers. Her self-imposed tasks go unappreciated and even when her keep up takes her away, he feels proud of his slave.However, Ayah seems spiritually happy at creation used, she seems to need feeling needed and is as happy ser ving others as they are exploiting her. It is her happiness that matters in the end. There seems to be little human happiness presented in Malgudi Days. lamb causes hurt and pain, people are part apart by conflicting circumstances. Mixed blessings give cause for plaint when people cannot enjoy their rewards. In Forty-Five A Month, Venkat Rao cannot send packing more time with his family as he seems to have been purchased outright for 45 rupees. However, as we look behind his reasons for slaving at his job, we find that he swallows insults at work so that his family can swallow food. His love for his daughter is big and it gives rise to his motivation at work. In A Shadow, Sambu misses his mother immensely as he loves him a lot. However, the very existence of Love is a great triumph for the human spirit. Therefore, though there may be hardship and suffering, in the end we see that the human spirit has the ultimate victory.

Corporation information Essay

This section its use to provide every(prenominal) the information related to the participation that our clients need, and to laissez passer a brief history of how the social club was created as a responsible company and providing a service that exceeds our customers expectations. Our company recognizes that accomplishment and fear of pledge program is our personal responsibility, therefore, we will have to take opening move and be an example, this way we will take note our system implemented by different techniques and tools likeTrainings on C-TPAT Security processes described * Security Controled and Registred. * engine room of innovation * Personnel recruited * Internal Audits * Selection of business partners Since we look for writ of execution and development of the program of security C-TPAT we must touch virtu exclusivelyy requirements to maintain a greater security in all the chain of supplies. therefore we have verifiable writings for selection of our businesses pa rtners. We request for procedures of security and the processes to fulfill the minimum requirements of security established by the C-TPAT, participating in a questionnaire applied by our company.When completing this questionnaire, not only will benefactor us to fulfill our obligations like member of the C-TPAT, but also some of our customers will look for fulfill requirements for importer and to become members of the C-TPAT. Guarantee security of our processes and our clients also. Questionnaire is designed to identify those areas where modifyments are necessary to fulfill minimm security requirements. Correct credit of a security weakness will not affect our semblance of businesses, but it will allow us to perish with our clients to develop a plan of security improvement if necessary.All the people working on the company contribute to our success. An integration of our different talents and perspective, stimulate new and notional opportunities for our business. Collectively, it will generate a rewarding and more exciting work atmosphere where each individual(a) feels like person in consecrate of performance of our company. We respect rights and dignity of all employees. We made an effort for existence a company that independently attracts the best people, no matter origin, beliefs or life style.We are commited to create a work atmosphere with authorisation and respect, inclusion and diversity, and employees are listened to improve team work. We assure all employees be our job enviroment, tasks, responsibilities and general activities to aim our organization. We develop their capacities through open and structural conversations on their professional direction. Also we try to guarantee that all the employees are recognized and compensated by their yield.For our company the responsibility of each individual as employe is being conscious of policies and be responsible of his own behavior. Our fair play and reputation as company will not have to be c ommitted. Any attitude that can seem questionable is not acceptable. (Customs cope Partnership Against Terrorism), is a joint initiative of the government and businesses of create cooperation transaction to fortify security of supply chains and b scores.By this project, customs requests all companies to guarantee integrity of their security and to communicate this to commercial partners of supply chain. The company look for a certification as member of C-TPAT. Obtaining this certification, we will offer a better service to our customers with great security, reliance and rapidity exportation cargo, also our customers (importers) and our company will be benefitted with results obtained with implementation of C-TPAT. In order to articipate in C-TPAT, companies must elaborate and apply programs of integral security to improve security internal and external with partners and clients. Therefore, we have developed and maintained a complete and detailed security plan with directives of va lues of EE. UU. Customs. As C-TPAT includes all components of supply chain, such as importers, carriers, intermediaries, operators of warehouses and manufacturers, the company is determined to communicate security requirements for C-TPAT to suppliers and clients.

New Product Development Essay

This literature canvass sh exclusively be reviewing journal articles that hold forth the magnificence of the Fuzzy social movement subvert contour to the bringes involving the information of radical fruits. It would first give an overview of the role the Fuzzy appear End manakin has on saucily crop maturement. The occurrenceors and characteristics of the express course would in like manner be presented to gain a am rarity consciousness of the proceeds at hand. Afterwards, it would review the contrasting articles written rough the topic using three statuss (1) organizational (2) environmental and finally, (3) individual.Of the aforementi geniusd vistas, this literature review would direction on the terce one, the individual. A number of authors piddle signalized the fundamental role that the blear-eyed social movement conclusion strain has on impertinently harvest-home instruction (Ottenbacher, Shaw and Ermen 2006 Drexkler 2006). The study of Reid and Brenanti (2004) was one of the researches that give vastness to the role of the wooly-minded expect termination anatomy in ensuring the supremacy of the whole process of novel product victimization.In engine room-based enterprises, transforming different forms of technologies into b ar-assed products and processes is one of the greatest challenges. It is be score inside the say process of innovating these technologies that the early configuration of the FFE (Fuzzy Front End) is said to choose the greatest impact not just to the process and as well to the result as it would significantly affect the design and the cost of the said trade union movement.Unfortunately however, this particular(a) show jibe to both Herstatt and Verworn (2004) is the to the lowest degree well-structured part of the whole entry process, ciphering at both theory and practice. Herstatt and Verworn (2001), Kim and Wilemon (2002) and Kohn (2006) all recognize the occurrence that the competitive nature of todays society ar conjureing for the learning of innovative and alone(p) products in a sudden pace yet at a lesser cost. Manufacturing pisseds, without a doubt, ar developing refreshfully products and it is because of this that they give so nearly(prenominal) importance to the New Product Development Processes.However, patronage the trem cobblers lastous focus to this particular stage, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) note that failure rates remain high. As a result, umteen researchers as well as practitioners within the manufacturing industry ar in constant search of finding ways by which they could admit the New Product Development Process successful. One of the greatest opportunities to alter the stage, as indicated by some of the researchers such as Herstatt and Verworn (2000) is by the woolly-headed bearing end or the pre- evolution phase.Moreover, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) developed a causal seat in consecrate to pave the way for a bette r reading of the groggy wait end phase and its role in ensuring the success of new product teaching. Figure 1. The Four Important Front End Factors (Herstatt and Verworn 2000) Looking from the model presented above, one could see the four important front end factors that process in the improvement of communication and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time, reduce the deviations that the firms whitethorn encounter during the execution of their end.In the same manner, the factors could withal befriend in increasing the efficiency and satisfaction of the research and development (R&D) managers with regard to the pouch. Herstatt and Verworn (2000) list the following as the factors that atomic number 18 very important to the fuzzy front end phase (1) interdisciplinary thinker multiplication and selection (2) reduction of market uncertainness (3) reduction of technical uncertainty and finally, (4) intensity of initial planning.The first factor mentioned by Herstatt and Ver worn (2000) was interdisciplinary idea generation and selection. fit to the authors, this includes the process of incorporating different functions into the generation and selection of new product ideas. It is usually a combination of the naming of an organizations need problem or opportunity together and the purpose they relieve oneself in ball club to satisfy these. Afterwards, they go directly to the reduction of uncertainties since these atomic number 18 already usually present with the first factor.The second factor is the reduction of market uncertainty. According to Herstatt and Verworn (2000), this particular factor refers to the experience that organizations have about their target markets and nodes as well as the needs of their users. Further much, Ottenbacher, Shaw and Ermen (2006) assert that this knowledge could help them understand the attractiveness of their new products based on the perspective of their market and how they could continuously develop the said p roduct.Through the fuzzy front end phase, manufacturing firms that atomic number 18 manifold in the development of new products be able to reduce the uncertainties of their projects. However, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) stress the need to look into technical uncertainties during the fuzzy front end phase rather than giving too much(prenominal) emphasis on the market. This is because of the fact that it is through this knowledge that they get out be able to identify whether or not they have the necessary engine room and requirements to make their projects feasible.Lastly, the factor initial planning must(prenominal) be considered in order to guarantee the success of new product development. According to the authors and developers of the causal model, this factor helps in translating the overall project goals into a series of activities, flop allocating the resources for each phase (Belliveau, Griffin and Somermeyer 2007 De Jong and Vermeulen 2006). Likewise, Koen et al (2001 2002) views the fuzzy front end as a phase wherein a set of activities happen that be inborn to the process of New Product Development or NPD.They observe these activities as something chaotic, unpredictable and unstructured, something that Kim and Wilemon (2002) oblige with. Kim and Wilemon (2002) describes the FFE phase as something filled with fuzziness, ambiguity and uncertainty. In fact, stages argon often performed in an environment where there atomic number 18 legion(predicate) un cognise factors. In the same manner, the information to be employ for decision making be rather more informal and crude rather than quantitative, formal and precise.Fuzziness, for Kim and Wilemon (2002) usually comes out from a firms uncertainty regarding their technical capabilities in making a certain project or product feasible. It also comes from their lack of knowledge with regard to the requirements of their customers, their markets, the resources need of them, the ability of the co mpany in pursuing this project, taking into consideration their capabilities and limits. past from being the phase wherein these uncertainties are identified, the fuzzy front end helps in the elimination of these risk of exposures in order to ensure the success of the next development processes.In summary, the fuzzy front end phase of product transition is by and large concerned with the development of certain concepts regarding the product that is essential to its induction and development (Audretsch and Acs, 1991). The development of a clear product concept during the FFE stage allows the different enterprises to clearly understand factors essential to the development of products which include time, costs, indispensable technical expertise, the formation of the right development team, market potential and positioning, risk and organizational fit.It generally helps in avoiding decisions that are costly and risky (Beck, et al. , n. d. ). Although it generally contributes to t he successes of the whole process concerning new product development, the FFE stage is not spared from limitations and receiptss. Processes striked in the fuzzy front end phase of product innovation generally face different delays especially those related with costs. During this particular phase, different activities are usually carried out during under different conditions.Unfortunately, there are barriers that know in every situation, hampering the success of these activities. The following are the barriers to the FFE phase (1) lack of vision, (2) lack of perceived urgency. (3) lack of formalization, (4) lack of effective project leadership, (4) ineffective communication processes and finally, (5) ineffective people conducting the work associated with the Fuzzy Front End phase of product innovation. The Fuzzy Front End Phase An Environmental PerspectiveThis part, as the heading implies would discuss the Fuzzy Front End Phase and its importance based on the environmental perspec tive. It would look into the views and researches conducted by scholars who had been long been respected in the field (1) Herstatt and Verworn (2) Khurana and Rosenthal (3) Kim and Wilemon (4) Reid and Brentani (5) Koen (6) Garcia and Calantone among others. According to Brentani and Reid (2004), the environmental perspective has been one of the closely important approaches in studying fuzzy front end as an essential part of new product development and innovation.Brentani and Reid (2004) defines the environmental perspective as that which views three aspects (industry, institutional and country) as impacting innovation. The idea that the fuzzy front end involves processes of information gathering and betrothal from the environment is based on the assumption that the environmental external to the firm is the primary source of new ideas for discontinuous innovations that even in-house ideas ultimately have some input from external sources (Brentani and Reid 2004).Eldredge and Gould (1972), on the other hand, note that according to the first perspective, innovation processes fail to continue because of certain phenomena affecting the environmental level. They further state that While organizational species change little during most of their history, random events can foster rapid speciation, thereby punctuating or interrupting this stability and resulting in concentrated periods of change and new paths of evolution. Authors who come from the environmental perspective of the fuzzy front end phase usually looks into innovation attack from a macro-level.The usually make use of the historical industrial analyses in order to examine the long-run nature and economic impact of failed innovations, Brentani and Reid (2004) mention. Furthermore, the environmental perspective promotes the idea that companies must be able to exhibit an advantage over the other members of the industry in order to stay existent despite the presence of a fierce competition. In order to p roduce this advantage, they must be able to produce products at a faster rate using technologies that only they have.Moreover, it is also due to this that firms are further to first look into their environment of operation before actually doing on to the development of new products (Griffin, Hoffman, Price and Vojak 2007 Montoya-Weiss and ODriscoll 2007). Because of this, firms once once again innovate depending on what their environment requires of them. Quinn (1985, in Brentani and Reid 2004) says Technology tends to advance through a series of random insights frequently triggered by gratuitous interactions amongst the discoverer and the outside land.These interactions provide the new combinations of old elements. . . The accelerated being of today demands manufacturing firms to be more competent in terms of the toil of new products and at the same time, speed up their development processes (Griffiths-Hemans and Grover 2006 Zhang, Lim, Cao 2004). every last(predicate) orga nizations nowadays have recognized the importance of innovation in order to become successful today, tomorrow and in the near future (Resources for advantage 2006).However, new product development for technologically advanced industries is facing many difficulties and uncertainties. Furthermore, the environment perspective of analyzing the fuzzy front end phase of new product development must also pay attention to what signifier of products that a manufacturing firm must be able to produce. The study of Koen (2006) will be presented towards the latter part of this section that could give a better understanding of the different kinds of products and the appropriate FFE process that could be used for this.Garcia and Calantone (2002) and Broring and Leker (2007), on the other hand, note that the different strategies being used by the manufacturing firms must be positively related with their organizational structure which must because be patterned after the competitive environment of the industry to which they sound to. Brentani and Reid (2004) further states that in order to understand the fuzzy front end phase using this perspective, one must understand that the environment plays a very important role in the decisions made by individuals who are exposed to early information regarding technology.It is because of this that Kim and Wilemon (2002) give importance to the introduction of technologically challenging products at the right time as one of the so-called success factor for firms living in todays world wherein innovation becomes more important. An example of this would be companies that are being peril by a situation wherein a competitor is on the sceptre of taking away its argument due to the introduction of a new product. Failure to respond to the competitors action could mean the pass of a certain firms market share and profits. Undoubtedly, the importance of the fuzzy front end phase is once again highlighted.Kim and Wilemon (n. d. ) concur with the claims of various researchers that the fuzzy front end phase is a topic that is usually neglected in the literature discussing new product development. This is because of the fact that scholars would usually focus on the efficiency of the firms processes rather than examining the fuzzy front end phase which is said to be important in keen down cycle time. Thus, the said phase is given much importance in terms of its ability to make a critical office to the success of new products (Weissenberger-Eibl and Koch 2007).According to Kim and Wilemon (n. d. ), the following are the prime goals that are usually addressed in the fuzzy front end phase (1) selecting the right opportunity (2) producing a well-outlined product concept and finally, (3) clarifying customer and project requirements before the actual development of the new product. It is thusly(prenominal)(prenominal) because of this that developers who are well experienced in the entire process are becoming more attracted to investing considerable time and money in this stage to ensure that the project is feasible.Kohn (2006) shares the same view with Kim and Wilemon (2002). According to the said author, for members of the mature industries that are exposed to fierce competition, the processes regarding new product development gains tremendous importance. This is due to the fact that they are in faced with challenges of producing new, unique products at a shorter period of time and at lower costs. However, the new product development process fails to guarantee the firms as it is said to cause both time delays and substantial increases in cost.As a result, more and more researchers are giving more importance to an early phase where the functions and other factors related to the development of new products would be examined and analyzed. Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) also mentioned some of these factors in their discussion of the fuzzy front end process in order to give an in depth analysis on how this could help in ensuring the success of new product development. All the activities included in the fuzzy front end phase of product development are individual activities which are logically related to each other.The description provided for the process should be analyzed based on concepts such as product ideas, market analysis and technology options. Because of this, it is but proper to understand the relationships that exist between the different activities involved in the fuzzy front end phase of product development. The main focus should be placed on product strategy and portfolio plans. Focusing on these two would ensure that the development of the product jives with that of the capabilities and competencies of the companies developing them yet at the same time, recognizing limitations such as roles, communications and finally, culture.The aforementioned elements thus can be seen as having contend very important roles as they serve as preconditions or foundations for the many a ctivities that a certain enterprise would undergo as part of their new product development process. As a result, companies implemented a phase-review counseling system to define and serve as guidance for these project-specific activities (Wycoff, 2003). Companies usually embark on working on new product opportunities, usually referred to as pre-phase nada when they begin to see an opportunity for their businesses.If they see that the exploration for this opportunity could be beneficial to their businesses, they then assign a small group which may or may not include suppliers to join forces in the development of the products concept and definition (this is where phase zero then begins). Phase one immediately happens after phase zero. It is in this particular phase wherein the enterprises examine the feasibility of their project (at the business and technical level). It is also in this particular phase wherein these companies start preparing and planning for their NPD (new product development) project.The development team then identifies the new product, how it could be developed and the rationale for the business proceeding behind it. The fuzzy front end phase then ends upon the completion of this phase wherein the team presents the business case and the business units involve would then choose between the commitment to fund, staff and launch the project or kill it (Montoya-Weiss and ODriscoll 2007). Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) also give importance to activities which are product-specific and must be present during the fuzzy front end phase.Product-specific front-end activities are essential in making product concepts clear. At the same time, it also gives specific definitions to both product and market requirements it also aids in the development of plans, schedules and estimates how much resources does one product need. However, the limiting factor that is associated with these elements is the fact that they could not create detailed designs and other spe cifications for the product and its other move (Broring and Leker 2007).Generally, Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) defines product concept as one of the basic steps wherein (1) customer needs, (2) market segments, (3) competitive situations, (4) business prospects and (5) alignment with existing business and technology plans are identified. Studies made states that the different product concepts must be clearly defined so that the managers could identify the opportunities that could be beneficial for their companies.They must be able to identify and understand what their consumers need and at the same time, recognize the available technologies and applications that they could use in satisfying these wants and needs. In illustrating intangible products, one could sketch a three-dimensional of such products to be able to understand and identify the wants and needs of the consumers. Herstatt and Verworn (2000) also recognize the presence of these factors as a vital part of the causal mod el they developed in order to understand the fuzzy front end phase as an essential aspect of the new product development process.As seen from the aforementioned discussion, Herstatt and Verworn choose the factors of the fuzzy front end phase as presented by Khurana and Rosenthal (1997). According to the authors, these factors are an essential part of the fuzzy front end phase in order to ensure the success of New Product Development. Basically, the identification of these would help the companies pinpoint their needs as an organization and the manner by which these could be achieved.In this manner, they will be able to identify the product that they have to produce in order to stay alive despite being in the midst of competition. Aside from this, the fuzzy front end phase also helps organizations in determining their market and technical uncertainties. This would help them understand their target markets, their customers and their needs, the potential of their products vis-a-vis th e market, and finally, the attractiveness of their product when introduced to the market.On the other hand, it could also give them a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations they have as a company. This is because both market pull and technology push are becoming more important to recent times. Traditionally, most products were noble as either driven by the customer (or markets), also known as market pull or affected by recent technological advancements, also referred to as technology push.Bretani and Reid (2004) stresses on this matter by identifying two kinds of technology (1) generic technologies and (2) application technologies. Generic technologies are defined as those required to manufacture the products and are held widely by all participants that get involved in the industry. On the other hand, application technologies are those that distinguish the organization from the competition and that are developed systematically within the firm building on generic technologies.